The effects of post-training (ip) injection of TFMPP, mCPP, DOI or 1-NP in the autoshaping learning task was explored. Furthermore, the post-training effects of these agonists after treatment with the antagonists (±)-pindolol, (±)-propranolol, NAN-190, ketanserin, ritanserin, mesulergine, MDL-72222 or p-chloroamphetamine (5-HT depleter) were studied. Rats were individually trained with a lever-press response (conditioned response; CR) on the autoshaping task and tested 24 h later. The results showed that the injection of TFMPP (1–10 mg/kg), mCPP (1–10 mg/kg), 1-NP (0.1–1.0 mg/kg) or mesulergine (0.4 mg/kg) decreased the rate of CR, while DOI (0.01–0.1 mg/kg) and ritanserin (0.5 mg/kg) and ketanserin (0.001–0.1 mg/kg) increased it. However, the effect induced by TFMPP was reversed by (±)-pindolol, ketanserin, ritanserin and PCA; the mCPP-induced effect was antagonized by (±)-propranolol, ketanserin, ritanserin and MDL-72222; and the effect produced by 1-NP was reversed by ketanserin, ritanserin and PCA. In addition, the increment in CR provoked by DOI was enhanced by ketanserin, and reversed by ritanserin, mesulergine and PCA. These findings suggest that TFMPP, 1-NP and DOI exerted their effects via stimulation of presynaptic 5-HT receptors. The effects of mCPP most probably reflect activation of postsynaptic receptors. The present data suggest that both 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_2A–2C receptors play a significant role in the consolidation of learning.